Impact of Aging and Lifelong Exercise Training on Mitochondrial Function and Network Connectivity in Human Skeletal Muscle
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Impact of Aging and Lifelong Exercise Training on Mitochondrial Function and Network Connectivity in Human Skeletal Muscle. / Ringholm, Stine; Gudiksen, Anders; Halling, Jens Frey; Qoqaj, Albina; Rasmussen, Philip Meizner; Prats, Clara; Plomgaard, Peter; Pilegaard, Henriette.
In: Journals of Gerontology. Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences, Vol. 78, No. 3, 2023.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Impact of Aging and Lifelong Exercise Training on Mitochondrial Function and Network Connectivity in Human Skeletal Muscle
AU - Ringholm, Stine
AU - Gudiksen, Anders
AU - Halling, Jens Frey
AU - Qoqaj, Albina
AU - Rasmussen, Philip Meizner
AU - Prats, Clara
AU - Plomgaard, Peter
AU - Pilegaard, Henriette
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Aging is associated with metabolic decline in skeletal muscle, which can be delayed by physical activity. Moreover, both lifelong and short-term exercise training have been shown to prevent age-associated fragmentation of the mitochondrial network in mouse skeletal muscle. However, whether lifelong endurance exercise training exerts the same effects in human skeletal muscle is still not clear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of volume-dependent lifelong endurance exercise training on mitochondrial function and network connectivity in older human skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle complex I+II-linked mitochondrial respiration per tissue mass was higher, but intrinsic complex I+II-linked mitochondrial respiration was lower in highly trained older subjects than in young untrained, older untrained, and older moderately trained subjects. Mitochondrial volume and connectivity were higher in highly trained older subjects than in untrained and moderately trained older subjects. Furthermore, the protein content of the ADP/ATP exchangers ANT1 + 2 and VDAC was higher and of the mitophagic marker parkin lower in skeletal muscle from the highly trained older subjects than from untrained and moderately trained older subjects. In contrast, H2O2 emission in skeletal muscle was not affected by either age or exercise training, but SOD2 protein content was higher in highly trained older subjects than in untrained and moderately trained older subjects. This suggests that healthy aging does not induce oxidative stress or mitochondrial network fragmentation in human skeletal muscle, but high-volume exercise training increases mitochondrial volume and network connectivity, thereby increasing oxidative capacity in older human skeletal muscle.
AB - Aging is associated with metabolic decline in skeletal muscle, which can be delayed by physical activity. Moreover, both lifelong and short-term exercise training have been shown to prevent age-associated fragmentation of the mitochondrial network in mouse skeletal muscle. However, whether lifelong endurance exercise training exerts the same effects in human skeletal muscle is still not clear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of volume-dependent lifelong endurance exercise training on mitochondrial function and network connectivity in older human skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle complex I+II-linked mitochondrial respiration per tissue mass was higher, but intrinsic complex I+II-linked mitochondrial respiration was lower in highly trained older subjects than in young untrained, older untrained, and older moderately trained subjects. Mitochondrial volume and connectivity were higher in highly trained older subjects than in untrained and moderately trained older subjects. Furthermore, the protein content of the ADP/ATP exchangers ANT1 + 2 and VDAC was higher and of the mitophagic marker parkin lower in skeletal muscle from the highly trained older subjects than from untrained and moderately trained older subjects. In contrast, H2O2 emission in skeletal muscle was not affected by either age or exercise training, but SOD2 protein content was higher in highly trained older subjects than in untrained and moderately trained older subjects. This suggests that healthy aging does not induce oxidative stress or mitochondrial network fragmentation in human skeletal muscle, but high-volume exercise training increases mitochondrial volume and network connectivity, thereby increasing oxidative capacity in older human skeletal muscle.
KW - Mitochondria
KW - Mitophagy
KW - Physical activity
KW - Respirometry
KW - Skeletal muscle
KW - IN-VIVO
KW - AGE
KW - BIOGENESIS
KW - AUTOPHAGY
KW - MOUSE
KW - YOUNG
KW - IMMOBILIZATION
KW - PGC-1-ALPHA
KW - SENSITIVITY
KW - DECREASES
U2 - 10.1093/gerona/glac164
DO - 10.1093/gerona/glac164
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 35961318
VL - 78
JO - Journals of Gerontology. Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences
JF - Journals of Gerontology. Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences
SN - 1079-5006
IS - 3
ER -
ID: 322874380